English technical overview. The complete supplied article is available in Persian using the language switch.
Overview
Adapt networking layers to resource-constrained connected devices.
Design considerations
The layered model helps separate physical connectivity, link access, internetworking, transport and applications. Constrained environments need careful overhead and power budgets; gateways may bridge different network types.
Operational practice
Evaluate reliability and security at every layer. Transport and application choices affect latency, message size and recovery from disconnection. Use end-to-end testing with real device limits, rather than selecting a protocol by popularity.
